ANSPOLY Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (AJARST)

ANSPOLY Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (AJARST), Volume 3, No. 2 is an annual, peer-reviewed, open-access international journal published by Anambra State Polytechnic, Mgbakwu. This edition continues the journal’s commitment to advancing interdisciplinary scholarship by presenting high-quality, original research across diverse fields of science and technology. Featuring contributions from leading experts, the articles in this volume showcase innovative ideas, address contemporary issues, and deepen fundamental knowledge of broad interest to the global scientific community. Every paper published in AJARST undergoes rigorous peer review, upholding the standards of integrity, excellence, and reliability for which the journal is recognized. The wide scope of the journal embraces significant advances in science and technology, fostering cross-disciplinary dialogue and inspiring new research directions. Volume 3, No. 2 exemplifies AJARST’s dedication to celebrating critical thinking, scientific curiosity, and technological progress. It invites researchers, academics, and practitioners to engage with cutting-edge findings and insightful analyses that contribute meaningfully to the advancement of knowledge worldwide.