ANSPOLY Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (AJARST)
ANSPOLY Journal of Advanced Research in Science & Technology (AJARST) is an interdisciplinary annual open access, peer-reviewed International Journal published by the Anambra State Polytechnic, Mgbakwu.
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON SMALL ANDMEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN SELECTED FIRMS IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study investigates the impact of digital transformation on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies, focusing on the challenges, opportunities, and policy implications for SME growth and development. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining surveys of 300 SMEs with in-depth interviews of 10 business owners in elected SME organisations in Anambra State. The findings reveal significant relationships between digital transformation, innovation, and SMEs’ competitiveness, which improve customer engagement and increase access to new markets. However, infrastructure constraints, skills gaps, and regulatory barriers hinder the adoption of digital solutions. This study identifies key drivers of digital transformation for SMEs, including cloud computing, big data analytics, and social media. It also emphasizes the significance of government support, infrastructure development, workforce development, and training in facilitating digital transformation. Policy recommendations are provided to address the challenges and leverage digital transformation for inclusive economic growth. These include investing in digital infrastructure, promoting digital literacy, and implementing policies that foster innovation and entrepreneurship. This research contributes tothe understanding of digital transformation’s impact on SMEs in developing economies, informing policymakers, practitioner,s and scholars.
Digital transformation, SMEs, developing economies, innovation, policy implications
Copyright (c) 2025 Benson Chukwuka Ameke (Author)
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF BOTTLED WATER BUSINESSESIN NIGERIA THROUGH INNOVATIVE DIGITAL MARKETING PLATFORMS
This paper investigated the effect of innovative digital marketing platforms on the sustainable development of bottled water businesses in Nigeria, with a special reference to Anambra State. The paper aimed to investigate how specific innovative social media marketing platforms, affiliate marketing platforms, search engine platforms, email marketing platforms, and mobile marketing platforms contribute to the sustainable development of selected bottled water manufacturing firms in Anambra State, Nigeria. Relevant literature concerning the study variables was reviewed. A descriptive research design was employed, utilizing a survey method. The methodology was used to address the research. Objectives. The hypotheses formulated to guide the study were tested using the partial least squares structural equation modeling statistical technique at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that an innovative social media marketing platform has a significant and positive impact on the sustainable development of bottled water manufacturing firms. The findings showed that an innovative affiliate marketing platform has a substantial and positive effect on the sustainable development of bottled water manufacturing firms. The study found that an innovative search engine marketing platform has a significantly positive impact on the sustainable development of bottled water manufacturing firms. The findings revealed that the EMA marketing platform has a significant and positive effect on the sustainable development of bottled water manufacturing firms. The study found that an innovative mobile marketing platform has significantly and positively contributed to the sustainable development of bottled water manufacturing firms. Based on the significant and positive effects of innovative digital marketing platforms on the sustainable development of bottled water firms in Anambra State, Nigeria, the paper recommends that innovativeness in digital marketing strategies should be sustained.
Innovative Digital Marketing Platforms, Sustainable Development, Bottled Water Businesses
Copyright (c) 2025 John Chidume Anetoh, Vivian Chioma Anetoh , Nkoli Augustina Chendo, Helen Ijeoma Oranye (Author)
ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LISTED DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS INNIGERIA THROUGH CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT
Sustainable development has become a topical issue in the 21st century due to climate change and environmental degradation, which has spurred the implementation of sustainable development by deposit money banks in Nigeria. Sustainable development has become a rising awareness of the ecological, social, and financial aspects. This study examined the effect of credit risk management on the sustainable development of listed deposit money banks in Nigeria, employing a post-facto research design. Secondary data extracted from the financial statements were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential analyses. The study found that credit risk management, as proxied by Nonperforming Loan (NPL) and Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR has a significant and positive effect on the sustainable development of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. This study recommends, among other things, that bank management of deposit money banks should devise a risk management mechanism to reduce the level of non-performing loans, thereby promoting the sustainable development of deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Credit risk management, Non-performing loan, Loan deposit ratio, Sustainable development, Deposit money banks, Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2025 Vivian Chioma Ajakpo , John Chidume Anetoh , Clara Nkem Okafor , Anthony Onyeka Anyadufu , Chimaobi Johnson Chiekezie (Author)
MANAGING THE CHALLENGES OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE (ESL) INNIGERIA IN A DIGITAL ERA
English language teaching and learning face numerous challenges. This paper examines the challenges of English as a Second Language (ESL) in Nigeria and proposes strategies for managing these problems. There is no gainsaying the fact that the English language has become a Nigerian language. However, despite being the official language, English poses significant difficulties for Nigerians, impacting education, communication, and economic development, as it is not the native language of Nigerians. Therefore, the Republicans are not the new speakers of the English language. Learning a language involves a complete set of interlocking features, most of which have implications for several problems of learning the English language. The study reviews existing literature on SL Neria, identifying key issues such as linguistic interference, inadequate teacher training, cultural differences, and inadequate instructional materials, among others. To solve these and many other problems, the paper opines that English learners must be extensive readers; teachers must reward efforts of learners to motivate their struggle to acquire the language skills; government as a matter of priority should make available necessary facilities that will empower teaching and learning of English nd also, school management hould e the interest f English rners by providing relevant equipment and facilities for effective English teaching and learning.
English Language, Second language, Bilingualism, Communication, Challenges
Copyright (c) 2025 Anthony Ogugua Obiesili (Author)
STRATEGIES FOR DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY IN ADMINISTRATIVEINFORMATION SYSTEMS
Administrative information systems handle sensitive personal data, making data protection and privacy a critical concern. This paper discusses strategies for ensuring patient protection and confidentiality in these systems, highlighting the importance of a multifaceted approach. A comprehensive literature review and a conceptual framework integrating technical, organizational, and legal measures are presented. Technical strategies include encryption, access control, anonymization, and audit trails. Organizational strategies involve data governance, employee training, incident response planning, and compliance with privacy regulations. Legal strategies focus on compliance with data protection regulations and laws, such as GDPR, NDPR, NDPC, and HIPAA. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining a survey of administrative information systems professionals (n = 100) with semi-structured interviews (n = 20). The survey and interviews gathered data on the current state of data protection and privacy practices, highlighting the need for improvement. Recommendations are provided for organizations seeking to improve their data protection and privacy practices, including the implementation of technical, organizational, and legal measures. By applying these strategies, organizations can reduce the risks associated with data breaches, unauthorized access, and non-compliance with legal standards, ensuring the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of sensitive data.
Access control, administrative information systems, compliance, Data Governance, data protection, privacy, encryption, audit trails
Copyright (c) 2025 Ifeyinwa Nkemdilim Obiokafor, Uchenna Paulinus Onwuka, Ogochukwu Maryern Okoye, Benson Chukwuka Ameke (Author)
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON ADOPTING RENEWABLE ENERGY FORSUSTAINABILITY IN RURAL PARTS OF ANAMBRA STATE: ISSUES ANDPROSPECTS
Nigeria has been experiencing an energy crisis, which has had a profound impact on the economy. The evolution of the energy sector worldwide has triggered intense research on finding alternative renewable energy sources for environmental sustainability. A country’s secure energy supply is needed to support development in all sectors. This opinion paper reviews the state of the power industry in the country. The renewable energy resources potential of Anambra State, and aexploresavenues of improving the efficiency of various alternative energy systems, while minimizing their potentia environmentally disruptive ide effects Considering the pattern of electricity generation and consumption over the last couple of decades, the paper via descriptive literature rreview Proposes how the renewable sources like solar, biomass, wind should be integrated to electricity generation and used to improve power generation in the rural parts of the state.
Sustainability, renewable energy, solar, biomass, wind
Copyright (c) 2025 Francis Chukwudi Ibeneme (Author)
AN OVERVIEW OF A GRID CONNECTED PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) SYSTEM; ANALTERNATIVE ENERGY USE IN NIGERIA
As the world shifts toward renewable energy sources, solar power stands out as a popular choice for sustainable electricity generation. Among the various solar installations, grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems are particularly beneficial for both homeowners and businesses. They harness sunlight through photovoltaic panels and connect to the utility grid, offering a reliable and efficient energy solution. A grid-connected PV system is one where the photovoltaic panels or array are connected to the utility grid through a power inverter unit, allowing them to operate in parallel with the electric utility grid. Nigeria's government has initiated several initiatives to increase the use of solar energy, including the Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP). This plan aims to increase the share of renewable electricity to 36% by 2030. Solar Naija program: This program aims to install solar home systems for over 5 million homes. World Bank Loan for Solar Mini-Grids: This $750 million loan will develop solar mini-grids in underserved areas of Nigeria. This article delves into the intricacies of grid-connected PV systems, exploring their benefits, components, installation process, and their impact on energy consumption.
Photovoltaic Panel, Battery, Inverter, Grid Connection, Net Metering, Net Billing
Copyright (c) 2025 John Egbunike Ananti (Author)
THE PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND THE ETHANOLIC EFFECT OF BEETROOT(Beta vulgaris) EXTRACT ON WEIGHT CHANGES IN ALBINO RATS
This study was designed to assess the phytochemical properties and the ethanolic effects of beetroot extract on weight changes in albino rats. The plant sample (Beta vulgaris) was purchased and taken to the Laboratory for analysis. It was washed, peeled, and dried for 20 minutes in the oven. It was ground into fine particles using an electric blender. The sample was soaked in 30% ethanol for 24 hours, after which the extract was filtered and transferred into a conical flask ready for testing.. Fifteen (15) healthy male albino rats of average weight ranging from [4.5 - 6.6 grams] were obtained and divided into three groups, five(5) for each group. The phytochemical results showed the presence of Saponin, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, and the absence of steroids. From the results on the effects of beetroot extract on weight changes, the average body weight of the animals when administered the extract orally at doses of 20ml, 50ml, and 100ml, respectively, within three weeks, was significantly decreased compared to the control group. This observation suggests that the plant helps prevent weight gain in rats, which could be effective for controlling or treating obesity.
Phytochemical, Beta Vulgaris, Analysis ,Albino Rat, Obesity
Copyright (c) 2025 Ogechukwu Uzoma Obieze, Udoka Elochukwu Aronu (Author)
COMPREHENDING SYNCHRONOUS CONDENSERS: THE FOUNDATION OFSTABILITY IN POWER SYSTEMS
This paper, which comprehends synchronous condensers —the foundation of stability in power systems— explains the general background of a synchronous condenser. It defines a synchronous condenser as a large rotating generator used to regulate voltage and improve stability in electrical networks. It's also known as a synchronous capacitor or synchronous compensator. It answered the question: What is a synchronous condenser? This paper also outlines the features of the synchronous condenser, its working principles, the process of excitation, and its advantages. Some of the benefits/applications listed are: A synchronous condenser's voltage regulator controls the amount of reactive power it generates or absorbs to adjust the voltage of the electric power transmission grid. It can be used to improve power factor by drawing a leading current from the supply. Due to its ability to provide inertia, its spinning mass can help with frequency stability, especially in systems like wind and solar that experience frequent fluctuations. Synchronous condensers can be used to strengthen weak networks in remote areas. They are typically installed in substations and are often used in hybrid energy systems. They're a conventional solution that has been used for decades to regulate reactive power. The results obtained show that, due to their capacity to produce and absorb reactive power on demand, Synchronous condensers' adaptability and efficiency make them indispensable instruments for guaranteeing stable and resilient power systems in the future as the world's energy environment changes.
synchronous condenser, Synchro-Self-Shifting, HVDC, Excitation, Rotating inertia, Compensator
Copyright (c) 2025 John Egbunike Ananti, John Egbunike Ananti (Author)
COMPARATIVE PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF THE FRUIT JUICE OF JACKFRUIT(Artocarpus heterophyllus) AND SOURSOP (Annona muricata)
Understanding the nutritional nuances of plants contributes valuable insights for dietary planning and underscores their potential in promoting health and well-being. Therefore, this research was designed to compare the nutritional properties of Jackfruit and Soursop juice. Samples were procured from Eke Oko Market, Orumba North Local Government Area, Anambra State, and analyzed using methods endorsed by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The nutritional composition of Jackfruit juice and soursop juice revealed percentages of moisture 85.00% and 87.90%, fat0.50% and 0.40%, crude protein 0.75% and 0.41%, ash 0.89% and 0.55%, crude fibre 0.43% and 1.30%, and carbohydrate5.66% and 2.74%. This study highlights the high nutritional value of both jackfruit and soursop juice, confirming their potential as functional fruits. Soursop juice exhibited higher moisture content, whereas jackfruit demonstrated higher ash, fat, fibre, protein, and carbohydrate. The comparative analysis provides valuable insights into the distinct nutritional profiles of these two essential juices. It lays a foundation for further exploration into the medicinal and nutritional aspects of jackfruit and soursop juice, offering implications for both traditional and contemporary applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 Clementina Ngozi Nwafor , Chinyere Nkemakonam Onyekwelu (Author)
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AI-POWERED ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR WASTE SORTINGAND RECYCLING IN NIGERIA
An AI-powered robotic system is a robot that utilizes Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies to carry out tasks independently or with minimal human intervention. These systems rely on AI to analyze data from sensors, make decisions, learn from past experiences, and adapt to changes in their environment, enabling them to perform complex functions autonomously. The increasing volume of waste generated globally, coupled with the growing demand for efficient recycling systems, has highlighted the limitations of traditional manual waste sorting methods. AI-powered robots offer a promising solution to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and scalability of waste sorting and recycling processes. These robots utilize advanced technologies, including computer vision, machine learning, and robotics, to identify, classify, and sort waste materials in real-time by automating sorting tasks. AI systems can significantly reduce contamination in recycling streams, improve throughput, and facilitate the recovery of valuable materials, contributing to a more sustainable waste management ecosystem. This paper explores the integration of AI in robotic waste sorting, focusing on key technologies such as deep learning-based object recognition, robotic arm design, and reinforcement learning for process optimization. Additionally, it examines the challenges and opportunities in implementing AI-powered waste sorting solutions, including cost-effectiveness, scalability, and the potential for human-robot collaboration. The study also examines the ethical and social implications of deploying AI robots in waste management systems. Ultimately, AI-powered waste sorting technologies offer the potential to revolutionize recycling practices, helping to transition toward a circular economy by increasing recycling rates and reducing the environmental impact of waste.
AI, Computer vision, robotics, Machine Learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning
Copyright (c) 2025 Blessing C. Mmaduekwe , Nwadiogo E. G. Mmaduakonam (Author)
MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF COMMON SNACKS SOLD AT AFIKPO,EBONYI STATE
Snacks are ready to eat (RTE) foods and are often regarded as street foods. They are appreciated and consumed for their unique flavors as well as their convenience and do not require significant further processing before consumption. In this study, five different snacks purchased randomly from different vendors were subjected to standard microbial analyses using the pour plate technique to ascertain their microbial status. This was carried out in three days, in the morning and in the evening. The results obtained showed that the samples (snacks) had varying levels of microbial counts especially when sampled in the evening. The highest total aerobic count (TAC), total coliform count (TCC), and total fungal count (TFC) recorded were 6.2×10³cfu/g, 1.9×10²cfu/g, and 3.8×10²cfu/g, respectively. In the morning, the isolated micro-organisms and their percentage prevalences were: Bacillus sp (40%), Staphylococcus aureus (100%), Pseudomonas sp (60%), Enterobacter sp (40%), Serratia sp (20%), Escherichia coli (60%), Penicillium sp (60%), Aspergillus sp (80%), Fusarium sp (40%) and Rhizopus sp (60%). The percentage prevalence of these isolates from the samples in the evening was as follows: 80%, 100%, 80%, 40%, 60%, 60%, 60%, 80%, 40%, and 60%, respectively. There was generally an increase in the microbial composition of the samples in the evening. The presence of these microorganisms in these samples (snacks) has some health and environmental implications. Some of these organisms have been implicated as the causative agents of certain diseases and also as contributors to environmental contamination. There should be a concerted effort to ensure that these ready-to-eat foods are produced and distributed for consumption with minimal microbial contamination, as their presence constitutes a public health hazard.
Ready-to-eat foods, Micro-organisms, Health, Contamination, Consumption
Copyright (c) 2025 J .L. Ezeogo, E.A Onyeneke (Author)
LITERATURE AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN A DIGITAL AGE: A STUDY OFCHIMAMANDA ADICHIE’S AMERICANAH
The awesome development of Information Communication Technology in recent years has transformed various fields of study, and literature is not left out. This paper explores the intersection of social entrepreneurship and literature, using Chimamanda Adichie’s Americanah as a case study. Through a close examination of Ifemelu, the protagonist, this paper explores the role of leveraging digital platforms in promoting social change and advancing social justice in Nigeria and beyond, as a blogger and cultural campaigner. In exploring the connection between social entrepreneurship and the digital age, the paper highlights the author’s portrayal of the challenges and prospects faced by social entrepreneurs in leveraging technology to create a positive societal impact. The methodology for this investigation involves a close reading and analysis of the novel Americanah, and an evaluation of how Ifemelu utilizes her blog as a social media platform to address issues of race, identity, and social injustice in Nigeria and the United States of America. The paper is analyzed using Afrocentrism theory, which involves literary analysis of the representation of diaspora Black experiences and the interpretation of African diasporic texts.
Social entrepreneurship, blogging, social media, social change and literature
Copyright (c) 2025 Peace Adaobi Ike, Ijeoma Obiorah (Author)
IOT-BASED SMART SOIL WATER OPTIONS TOWARDS PRECISE AGRICULTUREFOR SELF RELIANCE IN AFRICA
The integration of the Internet of Things (IOT) into agriculture, particularly within the African context, represents a transformative shift towards creating a more sustainable, efficient, and self-reliant agricultural sector. Africa, with its vast expanses of arable land, diverse climates, and rapidly growing population, stands on the brink of an agricultural revolution that could not only ensure food security for its people but also set a precedent for sustainable development globally. IOT-based smart agriculture promises to harness the power of advanced technology to address some of the most pressing challenges faced by African farmers, including erratic weather patterns, water scarcity, pest infestations, and soil degradation. The application of IOT in agriculture opens up avenues for African farmers to become more self-reliant and less dependent on unpredictable external factors. This IoT-based agriculture monitoring system utilizes wireless sensor networks that collect data from various sensors deployed at different nodes and transmit it via a wireless protocol. This smart agriculture system, powered by an IoT system, utilizes an Arduino platform; it consists of a Temperature sensor, a Moisture sensor, a water level sensor, a DC motor, and a GPRS module. When the IoT-based agriculture monitoring system starts, it checks the water level, humidity, and moisture levels, and sends an SMS alert to the phone about these levels. Sensors detect the water level; if it drops, the water pump automatically starts. If the temperature exceeds the set level, the fan starts. This is all that is displayed on the LCD module. Finally, in Africa, IoT-based smart agriculture holds immense potential to enhance self-reliance by improving productivity, reducing waste, and mitigating risks associated with farming.
IOT, Precise Agriculture, Arduino, DC motor, GPRS module
Copyright (c) 2025 Blessing C. Mmaduekwe (Author)
HOME AND SCHOOL PREDICTORS OF VALUE ORIENTATION AMONG SECONDARYSCHOOL STUDENTS IN AWKA NORTH LGA, ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
This study investigates the influence of home and school factors on value orientation among secondary school students in Awka North Local Government Area (LGA), Anambra State, Nigeria. Using a mixed-methods design, data were collected from 300 participants (150 students, 100 teachers, 50 parents) at Community Secondary School, Mgbakwu. Instruments included the Value Orientation Inventory (VOI), Home Environment Questionnaire (HEQ), and School Climate Scale (SCS). Multiple regression analysis identified parental involvement (B = 0.25, p < 0.01), family structure (B = 0.18, p < 0.05), teacher support (B = 0.30, p < 0.01), and school climate (B = 0.22, p < 0.05) as significant predictors of value orientation. Qualitative findings underscored the role of societal values and parent-teacher collaboration in shaping students’ values. The study recommends value-based education programs, curriculum reviews, and enhanced parent-teacher partnerships to foster positive value orientation
Value Orientation, Parental Involvement, Teacher Support, School Climate, Secondary School Students
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinyere Cordelia Ezenyimulu (Author)
THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN SMALLAND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are vital to the global economy, contributing significantly to employment, innovation, and economic growth. As technological evolution accelerates and environmental concerns intensify, SMEs are increasingly integrating digital transformation and sustainability into their core strategies. This study explores the interplay between digitalization and sustainable development in SMEs, examining key drivers, adoption challenges, and organizational outcomes. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining survey data from 212 SMEs and qualitative interviews from 15 cases across diverse sectors. Findings reveal that technological advancements, regulatory pressures, and market demands are primary drivers of sustainable digital transformation. This research provides actionable insights and proposes a practical framework to support SMEs in aligning digital and sustainability strategies
Digital Transformation, Sustainable Development, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), Economic Development
Copyright (c) 2025 Chikodiri Scholastica Uzondu, Chinyere Cecilla Attah , Njideka Rita Chiekezie (Author)
INTEGRATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) IN ENGLISH AS A SECONDLANGUAGE (ESL) LEARNING: FOR SUSTAINAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
There is a growing interest in and concern about the interference of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the field of Applied Linguistics, which focuses on the study of language learning and teaching. As such, some scholars have raised interest in examining the impact of innovative computer language apps, such as ChatGPT, Quillbot, and Chatbot, on the learning of English as a Second Language (ESL), particularly in terms of their potential to erode human input in language learning. While some see these technological language apps as a threat to language learning, others see them as tools that enhance language learning. This descriptive research explored the impact of computer language applications on English as a Second Language (ESL) learning. Krashen's Input Hypothesis served as the basis for guiding this research work. Secondary data from academic journals, articles, and books were used to draw inferences and conclusions for this research paper.
Artificial Intelligence, English as a Second Language, Input Hypothesis
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinenye Onyinyechukwu Helen Abana, Walter N. Chukwuemeka (Author)
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLIGENT DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR THE DETECTION OFSKIN DISEASES USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNIQUE
The worldwide occurrence of skin ailments emphasises the necessity for effective and precise diagnostic tools. To categorize skin disorders from clinical images, this study presents a unique automated skin disease detection system that integrates image processing approaches with machine learning, particularly a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Preprocessing techniques, including noise reduction, colour correction, and segmentation, are all part of the suggested approach, which aims to improve picture quality and guarantee precise feature extraction. The system collects important aspects necessary for accurate illness classification, such as color, texture, and shape, using a 2D Wavelet Transform algorithm and a Structural Co-Occurrence Matrix (SCM). 1,880 skin photographs from various patient populations, including both healthy and diseased skin conditions, were used to train and verify the system. With a multi-class classification accuracy of 87.9% and a binary classification accuracy of 98.3%, the CNN model demonstrated outstanding classification accuracy. The model's performance was further enhanced by adding patient data, and it was able to achieve an overall accuracy of 97.5% on unseen data
Skin Disease Detection; Image Processing; Convolutional Neural Network (CNN); Structural Co-Occurrence Matrix (SCM); 2D Wavelet Transform
Copyright (c) 2025 Onyeka Stanislaus Ezeobi , Boniface Chukwuma Okoli (Author)
IMPROVING NETWORK LOAD BALANCING IN CELLULAR NETWORKS USINGMACHINE LEARNING
Providing continuous connectivity has become increasingly challenging due to network congestion and load imbalance resulting from the rapid expansion of cellular networks and the growing demand for high-speed data access. Service deterioration, higher latency, and worse user satisfaction are the results of traditional load balancing systems' frequent inability to handle dynamic and varied traffic patterns among cells. This study proposes a machine learning-based (Temporal-Deep Q Network (temp-DQN) model) approach to improve load balancing in cellular networks, enhancing resource allocation, handover optimization, and traffic prediction. The temp-DQN model optimizes throughput, delay, and jitter by dynamically adjusting traffic flows to choose the best controller based on network conditions, utilizing the concepts of reinforcement learning. The model uses Q-learning for decision-making and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for feature extraction. MATLAB simulations evaluated the temp-DQN's performance under light, moderate, and heavy traffic loads. The findings indicate that the temp-DQN considerably improves network performance in moderate and high congestion, whereas performance gains are very slight in mild traffic. Interestingly, under high network traffic, the temp-DQN achieved a 94.03% reduction in latency and a 14.03% increase in throughput. These results imply that the temp-DQN model offers improved Quality of Service (QoS) and scalability for network optimisation in the future, making it a viable option for real-time traffic control in SDN systems, especially in high-traffic situations
Temporal Deep Q Network (temp-DQN), Software-Defined Networks (SDNs), Dynamic SDNs (dSDNs), Reinforcement Learning, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)
Copyright (c) 2025 Onyeka Stanislaus Ezeobi (Author)
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION ON SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SMES) IN SELECTED FIRMS IN ANAMBRA STATE
This study examines the impact of digital transformation on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in developing economies, focusing on the challenges, opportunities, and policy implications for SME growth and development. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining surveys of 300 SMEs with in-depth interviews of 10 business owners from selected SME organisations in Anambra State. The findings reveal significant relationships between digital transformation, innovation, and SMEs’ competitiveness, as well as improvements in customer engagement and increased access to new markets. However, infrastructure constraints, skills gaps, and regulatory barriers hinder digital adoption. This study identifies key drivers of digital transformation for SMEs, including cloud computing, big data analytics, and social media. It also emphasizes the significance of government support, infrastructure development, workforce development, and training in facilitating digital transformation. Policy recommendations are provided to address the challenges and leverage digital transformation for inclusive economic growth. These include investing in digital infrastructure, promoting digital literacy, and implementing policies that foster innovation and entrepreneurship. This research contributes to the understanding of digital transformation’s impact on SMEs in developing economies, informing policymakers, practitioners, and scholars
SOLUTION OF INTEGRAL PROBLEMS OF ACTUARIAL MATHEMATICS BY THEMETHOD OF SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATIONS
We study the basic integral equation of actuarial mathematics for the probability of non-ruin of a financial institution, regarded as a function of the initial capital. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to this problem and conditions for the uniform convergence were established by the method of successive approximations
uniform convergence, distribution function, financial institution
Copyright (c) 2025 Obuikem A. Okoli, Romanus N. Anumudu (Author)
EFFECT OF SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN MARKETINGCOOPERATIVE THROUGH DIGITAL SOLUTIONS IN ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA
This study empirically examines the effect of sustainable supply chain management in marketing cooperatives through digital solutions in Anambra State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to investigate the impact of digitalization on planning and sourcing in marketing cooperatives in Anambra State, and to evaluate the relationship between manufacturing, delivery, and returns in marketing cooperatives through digitalization in Anambra State. The study is anchored on collective action theory. The study employed a descriptive survey research design to gather relevant and sufficient information from the respondents. The study population consisted of 121,065 members. The sample size of 348 was determined using Taro Yamani's formula. The simple random sampling technique was employed in the distribution of questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentages, and averages. The inferential statistics used were multiple regression analysis. Additionally, tabular analysis was extensively employed to present data and facilitate comparisons. The study's results showed that sustainable supply chain management phases and marketing challenges are key drivers of digitalization success. Additionally, operational task innovation has been a significant challenge for marketing cooperative societies. The study, therefore, concludes that management in marketing cooperatives should possess technical expertise and commitment to foster positive changes within the global supply chain, local scope, and communities in Anambra State. The study recommended that management committees in cooperatives should strive for larger performance in terms of operational efficiency and innovation to achieve the set objectives
Sustainability, Supply chain, Management, Marketing Cooperatives, Digitalization
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinyere Cecilia Attah, Chikodiri Scholastica Uzondu (Author)
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A STANDALONE SOLAR STREETLIGHT WITH30W CAPACITY, LITHIUM-ION BATTERY, AND PROXIMITY SENSOR FOR ENERGY-EFFICIENT LIGHTING
Given the increasing recognition of renewable energy as a cleaner option, there has been a persistent transition towards non-conventional energy sources, particularly solar energy. This is geared towards reducing GHG emissions, coupled with the high cost of power supply and energy transmission losses, especially in Nigeria. A popular application of solar energy is in street lighting systems, where its usage is becoming increasingly widespread. In this project, we developed a stand-alone 30W streetlight unit with an intelligent feature for energy conservation. The solution was designed as a compact, integrated unit that includes a solar panel, LED bulb, battery energy storage system (BESS), energy controller (EC), boost converter, and motion sensor. The proposed solution allows the EC to control the LED lamp illumination when it detects no presence. The results showed an over 50% reduction in power consumption, improving the performance of the BESS and overall efficiency of the system
Solar panel, BESS, Energy efficient, Energy Controller
Copyright (c) 2025 ThankGod I. Ozue (Author)
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PREDICTION OF CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE
Adaptability and survival of the human body is dependent on the ability of separate body organs to work together as a system. The kidney, as one of the important organs of the body, deserves proper care to avoid failure. This research aimed to simulate and identify the threshold points of kidney failure using SEUCR test results obtained from indigenous hospitals in the Eastern part of Nigeria and synchronized in TensorFlow, an open-source library for numerical computation. The result is presented in real-time, large-scale, and verified with machine learning. A Virtual kidney diagnostic platform at 97% accuracy depicted threshold points of kidney failures
Artificial Intelligence, Prediction, Chronic Kidney Failure
Copyright (c) 2025 Ngozi Ernest-Okoye, Ugochukwu Chinedu Odogwu (Author)
EFFECT OF RISK MANAGEMENT ON PROFITABILITY OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS INNIGERIA
This study examines the effect of risk management on the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria, drawing data from five selected deposit money banks quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study utilized secondary data obtained from audited annual reports covering an eight-year accounting period from 2016 to 2023 and using four independent variables (LIQSK, CRISK, CARSK, and OPRSK). An ex-post facto research design was employed, and the Purposive sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of five (5) banks. The data was analyzed using the ordinary least squares regression technique at 1% level of significance. The result of the analysis showed that Liquidity risk has a positive and significant effect on return on assets of selected deposit money banks in Nigeria (t-value = 9.801, p-value <0.01); Credit risk has negative and significant effect on return on assets of selected money deposit banks in Nigeria (t-value = -9.50, p-value < 0.01); capital adequacy risk has positive and significant effect on return on assets of money deposit banks in Nigeria (t-value =10.93, p-value <0.01); Operational risk has positive and significant effect on return on assets of selected money deposit banks in Nigeria (t-value = 9.517, p-value <0.01);. Based on the findings, the study therefore concludes that risk management has a significant effect on the profitability of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study recommends that the regulatory agencies responsible for maintaining financial reporting quality, like the SEC, CBN, and FRC, should devise a means of monitoring financial statements of reporting organizations (banks in particular) annually.
Risk management, Profitability, Deposit money banks
Copyright (c) 2025 Chinonso Joel Olisaji , Emmanuel Chinonyelum Modozie (Author)
DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL CREDIT ACCESS AMONG MEMBERS OFFARMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN ANAMBRA STATE
Agricultural credit is believed to play a crucial role in enhancing agricultural productivity; however, access to agricultural credit remains a significant challenge for members of cooperative multipurpose farmers in Anambra state. To investigate this phenomenon, this study examined the determinants of agricultural credit access among members of farmers' multipurpose cooperative societies in Anambra state. The study was carried out in three agricultural zones in Anambra state, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select a sample of twenty-four cooperative societies with a total membership of 337 farmers. The instrument for data collection was a set of structured questionnaires on a 5-point Likert scale. Data was analyzed using multiple regression models. Model results indicated that Age of farmers significantly (3.00), t (285) = 13.96, 12.65 and 2.00; and p- values = .000, .000 and .047 affect agricultural credit access and Educational level significantly (3.00), t(285) = 23.98, 13.13and 20.63; and p-values = .000, respectively affect agricultural credit access. In line with the findings of this study, it is recommended that young and vibrant youth should be encouraged to go into farming, as agricultural credit will be easier for them to access when they are young rather than in their later years.
Agricultural credit, cooperatives, access, determinants, educational background
Copyright (c) 2025 Tessy. U Anigbogu, Ebele. T Ufoaroh , Paschaline. C Ozomena, Uju. M Ifesinachi (Author)
NUTRIENT AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF COOKIES MADE FROM YELLOW COCOYAM (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) AND WHITE CASSAVA (Manihot esculenta) FLOUR BLENDS ENRICHED WITH Moringa oleifera LEAVES
Background: Cookies are the smallest treatscommonly forced into shapes, consumed among all age groups in many countries. Cookies and pastries could be made from flours of local crops. To evaluate the proximate and sensory properties of cookies from composite flour blend of yellow cocoyam, white cassava enriched with Moringa oleifera leaves.Baking ingredients used were purchased from Owerri main market, Imo State, moringa leaves were harvested from polytechnic farm. The cocoyam, cassava and moringa leaves were processed into flour and packed in air tight container before subjection to proximate, mineral, vitamin and sensory evaluation using standard methods of AOAC. The nine-point Hedonic scale was used to evaluate sensory properties of the cookie samples. Thecookies produced was enriched with moringa leaves using the standard procedure in the proportion of 100% wheat – A, 60:30:10 –B; 40:40:20 -C and 30:60:10-D percent of cocoyam, cassava and moringa leaf powder respectively. Moisture ranged from 9.15% to 12.03%. There was slight variation in protein content of the cookies. Fat content ranged from 5.08% to 9.02%. Fiber content of the samples was almost comparable (2.32 vs 2.00, 2.68 and 2.56). Carbohydrate content of the cookies was high (78.29% - 87.08%). Mineral content showed significant difference (P<0.05) in calcium content. The cookies had significant magnesium content (17.80mg, 22.00mg and 19.44mg) than the control (13.62mg).Phosphorus content was against the control (43.26 vs 52.68mg, 56.27mg and 61.87mg) respectively. Vitamin C content of the cookies slightly varied. Sample D had the highest vitamin A content (0.50µ). Sensory attributes of the cookies showed that the colour score for the samples ranged from 6.15 to 8.10. Sample A and B had comparable score for flavor. Sample A had the highest score for texture (8.35). Samples A and B were more acceptable. Moringa leaves can be used in enrichment of cookies and locally flour blend from staple tuber crops in production of cookies and pastries.
Nutrient, Cookies, Flour, Enrichment, Moringa leaves.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chidinma .G Ajuru, Dike .V, Ohagwam. A, Egwim-Chukwuezie. A (Author)
INTRODUCING SPICE SOFTWARE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: IMPLICATION FOR DEVELOPING CIRCUIT DESIGN SKILLS
The present study examined the SPICE as a powerful open-source analog electronic circuit simulator that can enhance the circuit design skills of electrical engineering students in Edo State. The participants were 73 students enrolled in the electrical engineering department at the Edo State Polytechnic Usen, Edo State, Edo State. Their ages ranged from 19 to 30 years, with a mean age of 9.14 (M) and a standard deviation of 1.24 (SD). The participants were divided into two groups: Group A (Experimental Condition): Students who used SPICE simulation software in their coursework. Group B (Control Condition): Students who did not use SPICE and followed the traditional curriculum. A t-test analysis was conducted to address the research question: Would students in Edo State be better able to design circuits if they participated in a simulation program focused on integrated circuits? The results revealed a significant difference in circuit design skills between the experimental and control groups. Specifically, the experimental group demonstrated an average improvement of m=8.97 in their skills. The t-value was 6.212, indicating a strong effect. The p-value was .000, confirming statistical significance. In conclusion, the findings support using SPICE simulation software as an effective tool for enhancing circuit design skills among electrical engineering students. This study sheds light on the practical benefits of integrating SPICE into engineering education, emphasizing its role in bridging theory and practice.
Simulation software, SPICE, circuit design skill, electronic
Copyright (c) 2024 Omorodion Williams Idemudia (Author)
APPLICATION OF BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING IN TEACHING CIVIL ENGINEERING STUDENTS AT EDO STATE POLYTECHNIC
Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) into civil engineering represents a transformative shift in the educational and professional landscape. This paper explores the potential of BIM as a catalyst for enhancing civil engineering skills development. The participants were 51 students enrolled in the civil engineering department at the Edo State Polytechnic Usen, Edo State. The study employed a quasi-experimental approach with two groups. The t-test analysis revealed a significant difference in civil engineering skills between the experimental and control groups. In conclusion, the paper posits that BIM is an essential tool in the civil engineer’s repertoire, capable of stimulating significant advancements in skill development, project management, and collaborative work. By leveraging BIM’s capabilities, educators and industry professionals can foster a more dynamic learning environment and prepare the next generation of engineers for the complexities of modern infrastructure projects.
Simulation software, BIM, engineering skill, civil engineering
Copyright (c) 2024 Bida Uhunoma Ehigiamusoe (Author)
INVESTIGATION INTO THE LIPID PROFILE OF GOAT SERUM IN PANKSHIN TOWN
This study investigates the lipid profile of goat serum in Pankshin town. 50g of goat serum was collected from the abattoir of Monday market which is the major market servicing the people of Pankshin Local Government Area of Plateau State. It was stored aseptically in labeled EDTA bottle for laboratory analysis. Data collected from the lipid profile analysis were analyzed using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS version 23 computer software. The result revealed that the cholesterol level in the goat serum (31.60±1.50) falls within the range of the WHO standard (30-50mg/dL) for healthy cholesterol level. Triglyceride value in the goat serum (55.5±1.68) also fall within the range of the WHO standard (50-75mg/dL) for healthy triglyceride level. High density lipoprotein (HDL) value in the goat serum (10.00±0.20) falls within the range of the WHO standard (40mg/dL) for healthy HDL level. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the goat serum (9.80±0.10) also fall within the range of the WHO standard (5-10mg/dL) for healthy LDL level. In conclusion, cholesterols, triglycerides, HDL and LDL level in the goat serum falls within the range of the WHO standard for healthy consumption and living. Hence, goat meat can be very good for human consumption.
Goat serum, Lipid profile, Cholesterol, Cardiovascular disease, Health
Copyright (c) 2024 B.J Nwankwo, J Joseph, E.U Aronu (Author)